In Python cryptography, how do I retry transient errors?

In Python cryptography, transient errors are temporary issues that may resolve themselves if retried. When handling operations that can fail intermittently, such as network calls or external service validations, implementing a retry mechanism can be beneficial. Below is an example of how to retry transient errors using the built-in `time` module and exception handling.

import time from cryptography.fernet import Fernet from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidToken # Function to simulate encryption and handle transient errors def encrypt_with_retry(data, key, retries=3, delay=2): for attempt in range(retries): try: fernet = Fernet(key) encrypted_data = fernet.encrypt(data.encode()) return encrypted_data except InvalidToken as e: print(f"Attempt {attempt + 1}/{retries} failed: {e}") time.sleep(delay) # Wait before retrying raise Exception("Max retries exceeded") # Example usage secret_key = Fernet.generate_key() result = encrypt_with_retry("my secret data", secret_key) print(result)

transient errors Python cryptography retry mechanism Fernet encryption exception handling

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