How do I deep copy lists in Python in pure Python?

In Python, deep copying lists can be accomplished using several methods, especially if you want to ensure that the nested structures within the list are also copied. Below are some common methods to perform deep copies of lists without using built-in functions.

Python, deep copy, lists, nested lists, copying techniques, data structures
Learn how to deep copy lists in Python using various methods to ensure that nested structures are also cloned. This is crucial for data integrity when manipulating complex data types.
# Method 1: Using a loop original_list = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]] deep_copied_list = [] for item in original_list: deep_copied_list.append(item[:]) # Copying each item # Method 2: Using list comprehensions original_list = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]] deep_copied_list = [item[:] for item in original_list] # Method 3: Recursive function def deep_copy(input_list): if isinstance(input_list, list): return [deep_copy(item) for item in input_list] return input_list original_list = [[1, 2, [3, 4]], [5, 6]] deep_copied_list = deep_copy(original_list)

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