When should you prefer subroutines (sub), and when should you avoid it?

In Perl, subroutines (often referred to as 'subs') are a powerful feature that allows you to organize your code into reusable blocks. However, there are specific situations where it's more advantageous to use them and others where you might want to avoid them.

When to Prefer Subroutines

• Code Reusability: If you find yourself repeating code, a subroutine can help you avoid duplication.
• Improved Readability: Breaking your code into subroutines can make it easier to read and understand.
• Encapsulation: Subroutines help in encapsulating functionality which can aid in debugging and maintaining the code.

When to Avoid Subroutines

• Simplicity: For very simple scripts, using too many subs can overcomplicate things.
• Performance: In performance-critical sections, the overhead of a subroutine call may be unnecessary.
• Local Context: If your code is highly localized and doesn't warrant separation, keeping it inline could be clearer.

Example of a Subroutine in Perl