How has using indexes effectively changed in recent MySQL versions?

In recent MySQL versions, the effectiveness of indexes has improved significantly, allowing for faster query execution times and more efficient data retrieval. The advancements in indexing strategies, such as the introduction of invisible indexes and improved handling of covering indexes, have made it easier for developers and database administrators to optimize their databases.

MySQL indexes, query performance, covering indexes, invisible indexes, database optimization, MySQL performance improvement.

<?php // Example of using an index in MySQL $query = "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id = ?"; // Indexed column $stmt = $pdo->prepare($query); $stmt->execute([$departmentId]); $results = $stmt->fetchAll(); ?>

MySQL indexes query performance covering indexes invisible indexes database optimization MySQL performance improvement.

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