How does JavaScript handle concurrency

JavaScript handles concurrency using an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model through the use of a single-threaded event loop. This allows JavaScript to perform asynchronous operations, providing the illusion of concurrent execution without the complexities of multi-threading.

The main components of JavaScript's concurrency model include:

• Event Loop: The core mechanism that handles asynchronous callbacks through a queue.
• Callbacks: Functions that are executed after a certain event or operation completes.
• Promises: Objects that represent the eventual completion (or failure) of an asynchronous operation, allowing better handling of asynchronous flow.
• Async/Await: Syntactic sugar built on top of promises, enabling cleaner and more readable asynchronous code.

Here is an example demonstrating how JavaScript manages asynchronous operations using promises and async/await:

            function fetchData() {
                return new Promise((resolve) => {
                    setTimeout(() => {
                        resolve('Data fetched!');
                    }, 2000);
                });
            }
            
            async function getData() {
                console.log('Fetching data...');
                const result = await fetchData();
                console.log(result);
            }
            
            getData();