How does time zones and DST impact performance or memory usage?

Understanding how time zones and Daylight Saving Time (DST) can impact performance and memory usage in applications is crucial for developers. When applications handle multiple time zones and transitions for DST, they must engage in complex calculations to convert dates and times correctly. This can lead to increased CPU usage and, in certain cases, higher memory usage if temporary objects are created for each conversion.

Furthermore, improper handling of time zones and DST can lead to unexpected behavior in applications, especially those that rely on scheduled tasks or timestamp comparisons. For example, an event scheduled for 2 AM might occur twice or be skipped if not accounted for properly during the transition into or out of DST. Thus, optimizing how your application manages time zone data is essential for maintaining performance and ensuring functionality.

        format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "\n";

        // Change to London Time Zone
        $date_time->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone('Europe/London'));

        // Output converted time in London
        echo 'Converted Time in London: ' . $date_time->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "\n";
        ?>