How does checked vs unchecked exceptions behave in multithreaded code?

In Java, exceptions are categorized into checked and unchecked exceptions, which behave differently in multithreaded environments. Understanding these behaviors is crucial for effective error handling in concurrent applications.

Checked Exceptions

Checked exceptions are those that must be either caught or declared in the method signature. In a multithreaded context, if a thread throws a checked exception, and the exception is not handled within the thread, it will terminate that thread. Other threads will continue to run unless they are dependent on the terminated thread.

Unchecked Exceptions

Unchecked exceptions do not need to be declared or caught. These exceptions include runtime exceptions, such as NullPointerException and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException. If an unchecked exception occurs in a thread, it can terminate that thread unexpectedly, leading to potential issues if the failure is not managed properly.

Example of Multithreading with Exceptions

// Example in Java public class ExceptionExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread checkedThread = new Thread(() -> { try { throw new Exception("Checked Exception"); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Caught in checkedThread: " + e.getMessage()); } }); Thread uncheckedThread = new Thread(() -> { throw new NullPointerException("Unchecked Exception"); }); checkedThread.start(); uncheckedThread.start(); System.out.println("Main thread continues execution."); } }

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