How do I write portable C++ across compilers?

Writing portable C++ code across different compilers requires following best practices and understanding some key concepts. Here are a few tips to ensure that your C++ code can be compiled and run on various compilers without issues:

  1. Follow the C++ Standard: Use the latest C++ standard (such as C++11, C++14, C++17, or C++20) that is widely supported by major compilers.
  2. Avoid Compiler-Specific Extensions: Steer clear of features that are unique to specific compilers, as they may not be available or behave differently elsewhere.
  3. Use Standard Libraries: Rely on the STL (Standard Template Library) and other standard libraries that are part of the C++ standard to ensure compatibility.
  4. Be Mindful of Compiler Flags: Different compilers have different default settings and flags that can affect the behavior of your code.
  5. Test on Multiple Compilers: Always test your code with different compilers (like GCC, Clang, MSVC) to catch potential compatibility issues early.
  6. Use Preprocessor Directives Wisely: Use `#ifdef` and `#ifndef` to handle variations across different environments and compilers without cluttering your code.

By following these guidelines, you can write portable C++ code that acts consistently regardless of the compiler being used.

// Example of using preprocessor directives for portability #include <iostream> #ifdef _MSC_VER #define COMPILER_STRING "Microsoft Visual C++" #elif __GNUC__ #define COMPILER_STRING "GNU Compiler Collection" #elif __clang__ #define COMPILER_STRING "Clang" #else #define COMPILER_STRING "Unknown compiler" #endif int main() { std::cout << "Compiling with: " << COMPILER_STRING << std::endl; return 0; }

C++ portable code cross-platform C++ standard compiler compatibility

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