How do I use emplace vs push with std::priority_queue?

In C++, both emplace and push can be used to insert elements into a std::priority_queue, but they work in slightly different ways. Understanding the differences can help you write more efficient code.

The push method takes an object by value, which means it copies the object if it’s not already a temporary. This can lead to unnecessary overhead, especially if the object is expensive to copy.

On the other hand, emplace constructs the object in place, forwarding the arguments you provide directly to the constructor of the element being inserted. This can improve performance by eliminating the need for an extra copy or move.

Here’s an example comparing emplace and push with std::priority_queue:

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

struct Item {
    int value;
    Item(int v) : value(v) {}
    bool operator<(const Item& other) const {
        return value < other.value; // For max heap
    }
};

int main() {
    std::priority_queue