How do I choose the right container with std::priority_queue?

Choosing the right container for std::priority_queue in C++ is crucial for achieving the desired performance characteristics in your application. The std::priority_queue is an adapter that provides a way to maintain elements in a specific order, allowing the highest (or lowest) value to be accessed efficiently. By default, it uses a std::vector as its underlying container, but you can also opt for others like std::deque or even customize it with your own implementation.

Example of std::priority_queue with std::vector

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    // Create a max heap priority queue using std::vector
    std::priority_queue> maxHeap;

    maxHeap.push(10);
    maxHeap.push(20);
    maxHeap.push(15);

    std::cout << "Max element: " << maxHeap.top() << std::endl; // Prints 20

    maxHeap.pop();
    std::cout << "Max element after pop: " << maxHeap.top() << std::endl; // Prints 15
    return 0;
}