What is Runtime permissions in Android SDK?

Runtime permissions in Android SDK are a mechanism introduced in Android 6.0 (API level 23) that allows apps to request permissions at runtime instead of at install time. This approach enhances user privacy and control by enabling users to grant or deny permissions according to their needs while using the app.

With runtime permissions, users can make informed decisions about whether to allow or deny access to sensitive data such as location, camera, and contacts. App developers must handle permissions dynamically in the code. If a permission is not granted, the app can request it while it is running.

How to Implement Runtime Permissions

To implement runtime permissions in an Android application, follow these steps:

1. Declare the permission in the AndroidManifest.xml file.
2. Check if the permission is already granted.
3. If not, request the permission from the user.
4. Handle the user's response and proceed accordingly.

Here’s an example of how to request a single permission, such as access to the device's location:

        // In your Activity
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        } else {
            // Permission is already granted, proceed with accessing location
        }

        // Handle the user’s response in onRequestPermissionsResult
        @Override
        public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
            if (requestCode == LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) {
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    // Permission granted, proceed with accessing location
                } else {
                    // Permission denied, handle accordingly
                }
            }
        }